Schneider, Friedrich; Enste, Dominik - 2013 - 2. ed.
Illicit work, social security fraud, economic crime, and other shadow economy activities are fast becoming an … the shadow economy in seventy-six developing, transition, and OECD countries. This updated edition argues that during the … 2000s the average size of a shadow economy varied from 19% of GDP for OECD, to 30% for transition, and to 45% for …