This study explores individual and country-level environmental drivers of informal quot;seedquot; investment. We examine four types of informal investors based on business ownership experience (or no such experience) and close family relationship with investee (or no such relationship):...

The COVID-19 pandemic had unprecedented consequences on businesses and, in particular, small and medium enterprises (SMEs). The aim of this paper is to empirically study the impact of the COVID-19 sanitary crisis on Swiss SMEs two years after the onset of the pandemic. Using a sample of 149 SMEs...

Many firms in the developing world -- including a majority of micro, small, and medium enterprises -- operate in the informal economy. The informal firms face a variety of constraints, making it harder for them to do business and grow. Lack of access to finance is often cited as the biggest...

This study examines the role of Non-Bank Financial Services for Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises finance including venture capital, financial leasing, factoring and capital market. It explains the influence of policies, regulatory frameworks and institutional setups along with Egyptian...