This paper simplifies Merton’s (1973) fund separation theorem by showing that investors will hold hedge funds in their optimal portfolio only to hedge against changes in the slope or position of the instantaneous capital market line. This result allows for incomplete markets and does not...

We examine the extent to which the profitability of the HML, SMB, and WML trading strategies can be linked to future GDP growth. Using a large cross-section of securities from ten developed markets, we find that the HML and SMB portfolios contain significant information about future GDP growth....

We test for the pricing of exchange rate and foreign inflation risk in equities. Our tests are motivated by the empirical implications of the models of Solnik (1974b) as revised by Sercu (1980), Grauer, Litzenberger, and Stehle (1976), and Adler and Dumas (1983). Both exchange rate and foreign...

In this paper we present a simple model where asset returns are functions of multiple investment growth rates. The model is tested for its ability to price the 25 Fama-French portfolios using the Generalized Methods of Moments (GMM) methodology, as well as Fama-MacBeth cross-sectional...

A model that includes a factor that captures news related to future Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth along with the market factor can explain the cross-section of equity returns about as well as the Fama-French model can. Furthermore, the Fama-French factors HML and SMB appear to contain...