Education yields substantial non-monetary benefits, but the size of these gains is still debated. Previous studies, for … example, report contradictory effects of education and compulsory schooling on mortality - ranging from zero to large … compulsory education both in the shorter and longer run. In contrast, compulsory schooling reforms have little or no effect on …

This paper reviews empirical evidence, especially from Europe, on how education and training policies can be designed … education and schools over vocational and higher education to training and lifelong learning. The available evidence suggests … deliver best results. Designed this way, education and training systems can advance efficiency and equity at the same time. …