include measures of innovation outcomes as well as variables related to innovation effort. The main indicator of innovation … outputs is patents. The main variables related to innovation inputs are investment in research and development (R&D) and … of innovation outputs and inputs by looking at the over-time behavior of the relevant series and comparing the …

A functional review by the World Bank of Romania's research, development and innovation (RD&I) sector has been … World Bank Higher Education Review team and the EC's DG Research and Innovation -- presents observations and recommendations …

User-producer interactions have been traditionally recognized as important for innovation. With the rapid growth of … than a south-north one, at least in terms of collaboration with customers for innovation. …

We analyze the effects of captive off-shoring of innovation activities on the firms’ ability to adapt its … Community Innovation Survey to test our hypotheses. We find an inverted u-shape of innovation off-shoring on the effectiveness … of organizational adaptability, implying an optimal threshold value of innovation off-shoring. This value is 11% for the …

learning and collaborative innovation. Different forms of proximity include geographical, cognitive, social, institutional and …

approach in the research fields of innovation studies and economic geography. Secondly, to propose a broadened interpretation …, regions and time periods and for analytically integrating the cognitive, organizational and spatial dimensions of innovation … knowledge base approach in empirical innovation studies, regardless of industrial, geographical or temporal context. The paper …

innovation and to mitigate grand challenges. One of the main motivations for the support of Pre-Commercial Procurement schemes … was to use public needs as a driver for innovation. This concept was also introduced as a response to the need to … reinforce the innovation capabilities of the EU, while improving the quality and efficiency of public services. However, there …

Arrangements to cooperate on innovation facilitate access to external sources of knowledge. Using panel data derived … from five waves of Community Innovation Survey in the Czech Republic, we examine whether firms engage in these arrangements … initiating cooperation on innovation therefore have the potential to induce durable changes in the innovative behaviour of firms. …