We conjecture that the Research and Development (R&D) subsidiary of a Multinational Enterprise (MNE) can be potentially embedded in three different networks viz. the science base of the home country, the science base of the host country, and/or the internal knowledge network of sister...

This paper investigates innovating firms’ determinants of R&D collaboration with domestic universities and public knowledge institutes in Finland and the Netherlands. Three questions – relevant for innovation policies - constitute the central part of this paper. First, are innovating foreign...