include measures of innovation outcomes as well as variables related to innovation effort. The main indicator of innovation … outputs is patents. The main variables related to innovation inputs are investment in research and development (R&D) and … of innovation outputs and inputs by looking at the over-time behavior of the relevant series and comparing the …

A functional review by the World Bank of Romania's research, development and innovation (RD&I) sector has been … World Bank Higher Education Review team and the EC's DG Research and Innovation -- presents observations and recommendations …

innovation, the business and social ties connecting firms deepen the hazards associated to the appropriation of rents. …

The ability to generate innovations and capture the rents from innovation are important for firms’ competitive … innovation output, the knowledge flows among the clustered firms and, ultimately, on who captures the rents from innovation. The … rents from innovation. Extant research has noted that the social and business networks binding firms in clusters are …

In this paper we discuss knowledge and innovation in clusters and the benefits of clustering from a knowledge …

"Using a new global data base on patents and innovation inputs, the authors examine the process of knowledge creation … developing countries by testing for the impact of measures of the functioning of the national innovation system-the set of …