Since the early 1990s, there is an upsurge in foreign capital flows to developing economies, particularly into emerging markets. One view argues that capital inflows do help to increase efficiency, a better allocation of capital and to fill up the investment-saving gap. Adherents to that view...

This study extends the analysis of causality by Husain and Rashid(2006) by taking care of the shift in the variables due to the price hikes in the early 1970s. We investigate the causal relations between real money and real income, between nominal money and nominal income, and between nominal...

This paper empirically investigates the effects of macroeconomic and firm-specific risk on firms' leverage. The analysis is carried out for a large panel of public and non-public UK manufacturing firms over the period 1999-2008. Our investigation provides evidence that UK manufacturing firms use...