The paper uses a gravity model to examine the role of corruption in the direction of trade in a data set comprising … membership of the RTAs does not always increase bilateral trade whereas reducing a country's corruption does tend to increase … trade flows. The results suggest that EU membership, with the associated improvement in the perceived level of corruption …

This paper demonstrates the effect of country level corruption on illicit behavior of individuals in a foreign country … States from corruption-ridden countries are more likely to be apprehended than individuals from less corrupt countries are. …

Corruption has fierce impacts on economic and societal development and is subject to a vast range of institutional …, jurisdictional, societal and economic conditions. Research indicates that corruption's predominantly negative effects have arisen to … impairing everybody's life. This paper provides a comprehensive state-of-the-art survey of existing literature on corruption and …

To solve the corruption problem, its root causes should first be diagnosed and factors supporting it should be …, thereby increasing corruption. Even worse, there are 'spurious' intermediaries who obtain bribes from public services by …

Corporation (MCC) was successful in promoting better control of corruption. We employ a difference … corruption over time. We conclude that – if designed properly –conditionality can work …

corruption on productivity. Corruption is defined as a “bribe tax” and is compared to another form of institutional inefficiency …, which is often believed to be closely linked with corruption: the “time tax” imposed on firms by red tape. When testing … their effects in the full sample, only the bribe tax appears to have a negative effect on firm-level productivity, while the …

Measures of corruption and income are highly correlated across countries. We use prehistoric measures of biogeography … as instruments for modern income levels to identify an exogenous long-run income effect. We find that our corruption …-free incomes explain the cross-country pattern of corruption just as well as actual incomes. This result suggests that the long …

There is a growing evidence that political corruption is often closely associated with the rent seeking activities of … groups and the incidence of political corruption and determines whether electoral competition can eliminate political … corruption. We obtain some striking results. Greater electoral competition serves to lessen policy distortions. However, this in …