This paper examines the effect of the German co-determination law of 1976 (MitbestG) on the innovative activity of German firms. Co-determination applies to firms with 2000 employees or more. Data from 1971-1976 and 1981-1990 on 148 firms are used to compare the number of patents granted to...

We present the first panel estimates of the productivity effects of the unique German institution of parity, board-level co-determination. Although our data span two severe recessions when labour hoarding costs of co-determination are probably highest, and the panel is too short to capture the...

This report introduces two of the most successful industrial development models of the modern time - the Japanese as a leader and the South Korean as its follower. The objective is to review the industrialization process in these two economies which have served as a model for development in many...

La Loi Le Chapelier (1791) n’est pas seulement la loi qui a aboli les corporations de métier, mais aussi le droit pour les ouvriers de s’organiser ou de faire grève. La loi fut rapidement votée, presque sans débats, ni opposition. Pourquoi cette loi qui transforma pendant plusieurs...

In this paper, we investigate how changes in the skill mix of local labor supply are absorbed by the economy. We distinguish between three adjustment mechanisms: through factor prices, through an expansion in the size of those production units that use the more abundant skill group more...

L’objectif de cette étude est de présenter les grandes phases du développement de l’entrepreneuriat à Dunkerque depuis le 19e siècle. Depuis cette période, l’économie dunkerquoise s’est développée sur la grande industrie et l’emploi salarié. Au cours du temps, l’industrie...

La Chine est actuellement le plus grand marché de smartphones dans le monde, même plus grand que les Etats-Unis. Cela fait beaucoup de vendeurs qui luttent pour accroître leur part de marché dans le pays. Par ailleurs, de plus en plus d’entreprises chinoises investissent dans la R&D de la...

Greece's currently planned institutional reforms will help to get the country going with limited economic growth. With an economy based primarily on tourism, trade, and agriculture, Greece lacks an established competitive industry and an innovation-friendly environment, resulting in a low export...