Philanthropy plays a major role in university-based scientific, engineering and medical research in the United States contributing over $4Billion annually to operations, endowment and buildings devoted to research. When combined with endowment income, university research funding from science...

We first summarize the dominant interpretations of the "frontier" in the United States and predecessor colonies over the past 400 years: agricultural (1610s-1880s), industrial (1890s-1930s), scientific (1940s- 1980s), and algorithmic (1990s-present). We describe the difference between the...

Le présent rapport est la conclusion d’une étude que l’IMRI a mené de février 2003 à juillet 2004 pour le compte du Département de la Recherche en Fusion Contrôlée de la Direction des Sciences de la Matière du CEA Cadarache et qui s’intitule « Quelle organisation industrielle...

The long-standing argument that focused operations outperform others stands in contrast to claims about the benefits of broader operational scope. The performance benefits of focus are typically attributed to reduced complexity, lower uncertainty, and the development of specialized expertise,...

On s’intéresse à la standardisation de composants partiellement substituables destinés à satisfaire un ensemble de besoins. L’approche monocritère de la standardisation proposée au siècle dernier est enrichie par une prise en compte explicite de plusieurs critères et d’une...

Our incentive is to assess the impact of demand forecast errors on the cost performance of several lot-sizing techniques in a multi-level context. Unpredicted changes in demand keep on plaguing consumer product companies. However, efforts to improve demand forecast accuracy may not be rewarded...

In an environment of mass customization where demand information can be placed in advance with sequencing orders, the question of the best use of this information arises in a supply chain. This situation led the authors to analyze the efficiency of current mechanisms of scheduling coordination...

The number of different car and light truck models produced in North America has increased enormously over the last decades. The data suggests that producing this increased variety of vehicles is associated with a productivity penalty. We show that manufacturers can adopt complementary...