In this paper we study portfolios that investors hold to hedge economic risks.Using a model of state-dependent utility, we show that agents economic hedging portfolios can be obtained by an intuitively appealing, risk aversion-weighted approximate replication of the economic risk variables using...

In this paper we study value strategies for four European countries (France, Germany, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom).We find an outperformance for all four value variables which are investigated: the earnings-to-price (E/P) ratio, the cash-flow-to-price (CF/P) ratio, the book-to-market...