Productivity has survived for more than one century due to the recognition of its impacts on long-term business competitiveness. From a simple definition of output divided by input established in the late 1800s, productivity has continuously gathered a lot of interests from researchers and...

Purpose: Productisation seems to be a managerial practice as the term is commonly used by practitioners. Industrial managers often comprehend productisation as combining and translating product, or service elements into a whole, that can be offered to customers. Dictionary defines productisation...

Purpose: Customers are typically considered the most important external stakeholders for companies. This study explores how customers are defined by product management and development managers in market-driven development. In addition, customer representation during development is studied....