between appropriability mechanisms, innovation and firm-level productivity. We enrich this model in several ways. First, we … consider different types of innovation spending and study the differences in estimates when innovation spending rather than RD … spending is used to predict innovation in the CDM model. Second, we assume that a firm simultaneously innovates and chooses …

productivity of firms and the existence ofpossible complementarities between these different forms of innovation. …

, Research and Development, Financial Constraints, Innovation Policy …