with the increasing costs and risks associated with innovation has led firms to consider R&D alliances as a first …

Innovation serves many purposes. In this paper we study new varieties of innovation and innovation policy which address … terms of multiplicities of innovation, governance and societal challenges. They serve as living labs and lead-markets for … solutions to societal challenges. The identified and analysed cases of social innovation initiatives in these metropolitan areas …

, education pillar, economic incentive and institutional regime pillar, innovation efficiency index, knowledge creation index …, knowledge impact index, knowledge diffusion index and technological infrastructure, despite deterioration in both innovation … investing heavily in education, training, boosting knowledge absorption index and innovation through intensive spending on RD …

efficiency and labour market efficiency, financial market development, technological readiness and capacity for innovation. Our …-industry cooperation, RD and innovation capacity. Knowledge transfer through utilization of international trade is facilitated by the sound …