include measures of innovation outcomes as well as variables related to innovation effort. The main indicator of innovation … outputs is patents. The main variables related to innovation inputs are investment in research and development (R&D) and … of innovation outputs and inputs by looking at the over-time behavior of the relevant series and comparing the …

"Using a new global data base on patents and innovation inputs, the authors examine the process of knowledge creation … developing countries by testing for the impact of measures of the functioning of the national innovation system-the set of …

"It is so widely recognized that innovation is a key driver of economic growth that it is cliche to say so. This … article studies product innovation by firms with data from 68 countries, covering more than 25,000 firms in eight … manufacturing sectors. The author assesses the predictions of inter-disciplinary research on innovation by firms. The econometric …

authors find that the stock of human capital, the level of domestic innovation and technological adaptation, and the level of ….15 percentage point. In terms of innovation, the authors find that a 20 percent increase in the annual number of USPTO patents …

competitive, knowledge based economy, and for involving Russia in the development process. A broad range of innovation policies … innovation. Regional innovation systems are constantly evolving and government must be flexible enough to support learning and … interactions between innovation stakeholders and the ability of firms to find their competitive advantages in global markets. …