larger effort in the group to understand the sources of growth and volatility"--World Bank web site …, banking crises and financial volatility), and by jointly analyzing the effects of financial depth and fragility in classic …

exchange rate volatility, and (b) trade and financial openness may have a potential role of mitigating and/or amplifying real … openness to exacerbate or mitigate real exchange rate volatility. The authors collected information on the real effective …) High real exchange rate volatility is the result of highly volatile productivity shocks, and sharp oscillations in monetary …