The work desires: 1) to determine the optimum level of batch size in bottleneck facility; 2) to analyse the effect of common processes on throughput and cycle time in a multistage production system under machine breakdown and quality uncertainty. In this research, the authors developed...

Purpose – The main purposes of this paper are to enhance the understanding of commonality models in manufacturing resource planning by documenting the current state of affairs and to stimulate fruitful future research by identifying gaps between the relevant issues and the available academic...

Argues that the slaves transported in interregional trade were not selected on the basis of their physical stature.

Examines the height of Georgian convicts and concludes that their height declined beginning with the birth cohorts of 1835. The economic transition brought about a decline in their nutritional status.

Examines the height of German youth in the late eighteenth century, and documents the very large differences in height between the lower and upper classes. Shows that the height of the upper class did not decline at the end of the 18th century as did that of the common men.

Argues that the biological standard of living did not improve in the Soviet Union as much as it did in other European countries.

Introduces the reader to the importance of studying of the history of human physical stature, and the main findings of the recent decades.

Argues that the Industrial Revolution occurred at a time when the demographic system ceased to be Malthusian.

Develops a one-equation model to reproduce the salient features of population growth in Europe from the Middle Ages to the Industrial Revolution.

Corrects some of the statistical mistakes of previous studies of the trend in the height of British soldiers in the 18th and 19th centuries. Finds that heights decreased substantially in the late-18th century in keeping with many other findings. The inference is that an incipient Malthusian...