We jointly analyze the causal effects of geography, trade integration, and institutional quality on different income groups for developing and developed countries from 1983 to 2012. Favorable geographic conditions tend to discriminate strongly between income groups as low incomes benefit whereas...

Over the past decades there has been ample evidence that a manufacturing sector plays an important role in overall development. In East Asia, recent job creation in industry has lifted large parts of the population to higher income levels. However, while this connection is well supported by...