The purpose of this article is to establish a typology of the major business models developed in the motion pictures industry between 1895 and 1914. After a relatively short period dominated by business models built on the exclusive possession of a technical system, the industry was organized...

This paper, written for the project "Controversies of the nineteenth century intellectual property "[online" http://www.mshparisnord.fr/controverses-PI-XIX/ "], is a detailed analysis of the article "Patents" , written by Charles Coquelin for the Dictionary of Political Economy (1852), an...

This text is part of a study (Part I) on the phenomenon of free software. Here there is a questioning of the principle of the exclusive right of an author (individual or firm) on his work (the software) and uses thereof. Indeed, free software licenses (BSD, GPL, etc.) give rights of use extended...

This text is part of a general study of U.S. patents wars in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century in three emerging industries: the motion picture industry (Edison patents), the automotive industry (Selden patent), the aviation industry (Wright brothers' patents). The comparative...

Dans cette deuxième partie de l'étude "Patent Wars", et dans une approche toujours comparative, sont analysées les conséquences pour l'activité industrielle et le changement technique des différentes guerres des patents. Dans les trois industries émergentes du cinéma, de l'automobile et...

Dans cette dernière partie sont analysés les différents pools de patents constitués dans les industries du cinéma, de l'automobile et de l'aviation, suite aux guerres des patents étudiées précédemment. L'analyse se concentre alors sur les Etats-Unis. Si les pools ou accords de licences...