. Using a representative large-scale survey, we manipulate perceptions of relative standing by randomly varying response …

methodological: we introduce a novel framework to calibrate macroeconomic models with firm-level distortions using enterprise survey … the survey. Our second contribution is to apply our method across seven countries to characterize the distribution of …

announcements, (ii) a new survey that we conduct of individual Blue Chip forecasters, and (iii) regressions that include the …

A large literature studies subjective beliefs about economic facts using unincentivized survey questions. We devise … randomized experiments in a representative online survey to investigate whether incentivizing belief accuracy affects stated … provision does not reduce bias in our survey-based belief measures …

Motivated by the observation that survey expectations of stock returns are inconsistent with rational return … pricing literature are consistent with the survey evidence. We empirically test (1) the notion that survey forecasts … constitute rational but risk-neutral forecasts of future returns, and (2) the notion that survey forecasts are ambiguity averse …

We administer a newly-designed survey to a large panel of retail investors who have substantial wealth invested in … financial markets. The survey elicits beliefs that are crucial for macroeconomics and finance, and matches respondents with …