EdTech which includes online education, computer assisted learning (CAL), and remote instruction was expanding rapidly … even before the current full-scale substitution for in-person learning at all levels of education around the world because …-based instruction, but often additional non-technology based inputs such as more time on learning and instructional support by …

constraints or the promotion of follow-on innovation. …

may even reduce welfare. The reason is that it crowds out proprietary innovation which on net may reduce total innovation … in the long run. These effects would be reinforced if philanthropical innovation diverted people from other productive …

-wage countries, especially China. Does this competition hurt or help innovation by firms? This paper studies the effect of the surge … in imports from China on innovation in the US manufacturing sector. We combine patent, firm and trade data during 1990 … positive effect on firm innovation, as measured by citation-weighted patent applications. This positive effect persists when we …

This paper introduces dynamics in the R&D to innovation and innovation to productivity relationships, which have mostly … individual effects and idiosyncratic errors correlated across equations and that differ in the way innovation enters the … Community Innovation Survey. The results provide evidence of robust unidirectional causality from innovation to productivity and …