Pushing farther some ideas of Antoine Augustin Cournot (1801-1877) and of Jacques Lacan (1901-1981) about the interplay of chance and meaning, we investigate the intrinsic weakness of the mathematization of risks.

We study the pluralism of the scientific knowledge. Starting with the mathematical examples of non-standard analysis and the Edo period in Japan (Sangaku) we analyse the modelization as a representation and interpretation of the context of the action of an economic agent. We attempt to deepen...

If you think that some highly mathematized part of the economic literature published in major journals and widely cited, however, is false, you can turn away considering that this tentative is not convincing and does not deserve to be treated in textbooks or courses. But when you see that it is...

Since the Brundtland report in 1987, at the start of the series of United Nations Conferences on the Environment and Development, the world population has grown by more than it was in the time of Adam Smith. Oil consumption has increased by 40% and the trend is similar for other exhaustible...

Pour comprendre comment se font les atteintes à l'environnement, la notion de risque doit être étudiée sous tous ses aspects historique, cognitif, et bien sûr quant à son appréhension sociétale. Depuis l'alerte lancée par Ulrich Beck, très nombreuses sont les réflexions à ce sujet,...

We discuss, by a philosophical method inspired of Quine, the nature of the risk posed by GMOs. Our analysis concludes to the religious origin of the belief of researchers to overall resilience of nature to perturbations of the genetic molecular combination.

With respect to the climate change, and more generally to the energy problem, in the laboratories working on the subject, scientists contribute to clarify the situation and to help decision makers by yielding and updating factual physical informations, and also by modelling. This conceptual work...