The process of water heating consumes enormous amounts of energy. South African households may see up to 40% of their total energy be allotted to the heating of water. The implementation of energy efficient or renewable energy source technologies, for the main purpose of heating water, may...

The 2016 Paris Agreement (UNFCCC Authors, 2015) is the latest of initiative to create an international consensus on action to reduce GHG emissions. However, the challenge of meeting its targets lies mainly in the intimate relationship between GHG emissions and energy production, which in turn...

The role of renewable and fossil fuel energy consumption on environmental sustainability remains inconclusive due to varied economic and technological structure. This study provides new insight by assessing the nexus between the utilization of two energy categories - renewable and conventional,...

Air conditioning systems accountable a huge amount of energy consumption, the purpose of this work is to inspect the energy efficiency and the economic impact for air-conditioners using Wireless Sensing and Actuator Networks. Different methods are explored. Referring to ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2007...

Photovoltaic thermal (PVT) modules convert solar energy into electricity and heat. Unlike that of normal photovoltaic modules, the nominal operating cell temperature (NOCT) of PVT modules, which is used to evaluate the temperature and electrical power output, is unknown because it depends on the...