Empirical research on the characteristics of environmentally responsive companies has focussed almost exclusively on US and Japanese firms. For Europe, which is commonly considered as the greenest of the three major developed economic markets, similar research is lacking. This paper seeks to...

Can directed technical change be used to combat climate change? We construct new firm-level panel data on auto industry innovation distinguishing between 'dirty' (internal combustion engine) and 'clean' (e.g. electric and hybrid) patents across 80 countries over several decades. We show that...

This paper aims at analysing the role of the environment in innovative strategies based on firm economic performance indicators such as employment, turnover, and labour productivity growth. We exploit a unique dataset of 773 Italian service firms with 20 or more employees comprising 1993-1995...