This paper presents and discusses the estimates of the present value of corporate profits in the United States from 1984 to 2018. To value the expected income stream, it uses the long-range forecasts of professional forecasters for pre-tax corporate earnings and long-term Treasury note yields,...

This paper assesses house prices in 11 Canadian Census Metropolitan Areas (CMA) using the borrowing-capacity and the net-present-value approaches. The results indicate that by the end of 2018, house prices in most metropolitan areas are aligned with macroeconomic fundamentals. However, in...

In this paper we provide tools for assessing the house prices and housing valuation. Wedevelop two approaches: (i) borrowing capacity approach, and (ii) intrinsic value approach.The borrowing capacity of households, together with their down payment, implies how muchhousing they can attain. In...