Since the annexation of Crimea in 2014, Russia has been under an EU sanctions regime. While these sanctions have not prevented Putin from ordering an invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, in the overall picture, they have significantly weakened Russia’s ability to wage war. This paper...

Financial sanctions are key in enforcing restrictions on Russian energy exports - in particular the G7/EU oil price cap regime - due to financial institutions' critical role in cross-border transactions. While the energy sanctions regime is having an impact on export earnings and budget...

The war in Ukraine has exacerbated pre-existing production problems in manufacturing networks originating from the coronavirus pandemic. Material shortages are compounded by uncertainties about sufficient energy supplies. Above all, energy has become more expensive for European industrial...

There are several indications that in at least some parts of the Islamic world a process of cultural and political change has begun, with the tendency towards a reassertion of Islamic values. Amongst other things, this involves formulating a concept of modern Islamic economics, the principles of...