The probability of informed trading (PIN) measure has been increasingly used in empirical research in finance. However, there is a growing debate as to whether PIN measures information-based or liquidity-based trading. We contribute to the discussion by estimating PIN using transaction data for...

Using all trading in Finland over a 15-year period, I study the relation between price changes and the trading of individuals and financial institutions. On average, prices increase when institutions buy from individuals, and decrease when institutions sell to individuals. No such consistent...

In this paper, we examine market share drivers of a prominent alternative trading venue (Chi-X) in an international context. We find that Chi-X׳s market share is negatively related to trading fees and latency, while positively related to liquidity relative to primary exchanges. Venue market...

Using a comprehensive data set of short-sale transactions, we find strong evidence of commonality in daily shorting flows of individual stocks. More importantly, we find that aggregate shorting forecasts market returns. A one standard deviation increase in daily aggregate shorting is associated...

This paper characterizes the trading strategy of a large high frequency trader (HFT). The HFT incurs a loss on its inventory but earns a profit on the bid–ask spread. Sharpe ratio calculations show that performance is very sensitive to cost of capital assumptions. The HFT employs a...

This paper examines the impact of shifting liquidity and institutional trading in the corporate bond market on inferences regarding informational efficiency. We find that when institutional trade dominance and other bond trading features are accounted for, stock leads evidenced in earlier...

Do individual investors have better information about local stocks? Our results demonstrate that they do. Large trading imbalances by investors living close to a firm's headquarters predict the stock's earnings announcement return. Stocks with the most net buying by local investors average...

This paper empirically evaluates the effects of NASDAQ's $1 minimum bid price threshold (known as the one-dollar rule) as part of its listing maintenance criteria. Even though this controversial rule was introduced as early as September 1991, its economic impact has been largely unexplored by...

This paper introduces an empirical method to evaluate the composition of trading activity in stock and option markets that is based on signed trade count imbalances in these markets. This method can be used to estimate the extent to which traders use option markets to obtain exposure to stock...

We define low-latency activity as strategies that respond to market events in the millisecond environment, the hallmark of proprietary trading by high-frequency traders though it could include other algorithmic activity as well. We propose a new measure of low-latency activity to investigate the...