This study investigates transnational relations and global challenges which the European Industrial Relations have been facing recently. The paper, methodologically, was structured with taking into account both socio- political and judicial arguments. The social theory, and ergo, the practice in...

An argument often adopted to explain the relatively scarce presence of Producer Co-operatives (PCs) in Western capitalist economies is the instability that may affect this type of firm during the positive phases of the business cycle. In a nutshell the argument is that in profitable industries...

Every enterprise develops the activity using both equity and borrowed capital, different one by the other through the generated/engendered costs. The financial risk determines the variability of result indicators, thanks to the financial structure of enterprise modification. Due the lack of own...

This paper presents an appropriate model for Science and Technology Parks (STPs) with a view to helping policy makers and STP managers implement and manage STPs. The authors reorganize and prioritize the Cabral-Dahab Science Park Management Paradigm. We identify three critical groups of actors...

In the last few years, the Iranian banking system has consistently ignored customer-orienting and its fundamentals and has not been able to use recent modern marketing very well, because of various economic and social problems, the governmental banking system and especially the excess of the...

BACKGROUND. Farmers are faced with a wide range of pest management (PM) options which can be adopted in isolation or alongside complement or substitute strategies. This paper presents the results of a survey of UK cereal producers focusing on the character and diversity of PM strategies...