corruption and decrease the large expenses associated with today's democratic election campaigns. Random mechanisms can be …

This paper analyzes the influence of the shadow economy on corruption and vice versa. We hypothesize that corruption … that the shadow economy reduces corruption in high income countries, but increases corruption in low income countries. We … also find that stricter regulations increase both corruption and the shadow economy. …

Based on empirical data, a two-equation game-type corruption reaction function model was developed. A data to model … principle. The latest data on corruption among developing countries was obtained from the Enterprise Surveys done by the World … equations were positively sloped. Time had a reducing effect on the frequency of domestic corruption, yet it had an increasing …

A simple micro model of a firm's investment decision made under the uncertainty of the success of a bribe of a … government official is developed. The probability of success of the bribe is a function of the amount paid to the official to get … things done. The operational model runs the amount of the bribe on such determinants as firm size, country size, shareholder …