The paper analyzes how geographical clustering of beneficiaries might affect the effectiveness of public innovation support programs. The geographical proximity of firms operating in the same industry or field of technology is expected to facilitate innovation through knowledge spillovers and...

Subsidising research networks has become a popular instrument in technology policies, driven mainly by expected positive spillovers. In particular, the stimulation of Ramp;D co-operation between scientific institutions and industry is considered as most promising. In the context of policy...

Unique knowledge is a key factor for companies for generating new products, services and processes and thus, to remain competitive. It is increasingly emerging outside of firm boundaries. Universities and public research institutions have been identified as important sources of new knowledge....