The innovation activities of foreign subsidiaries have been identified as an important source of competitive advantage … foreignness). We derive potential stumbling blocks in the innovation process theoretically and argue that these materialize as … innovation activities in Germany from various sectors. We find that foreign-controlled firms are not challenged by liability of …

This paper aims to shed light on firm specific drivers that lead firms to internationalise their innovation activities …’s competitive environment and the influence of innovation obstacles in the home country. In particular, the role of … driving forces are used to observe their impact on the decision to locate innovation activities in various countries and …

analysis rests on the German data from the Europe-wide Community Innovation Survey (CIS). We use a unique data set of about 900 … domestic innovation activities the later wave reports IP infringements. In a second analysis, the likelihood of infringements … from innovation host countries and no innovation host countries abroad is examined. Before the empirical analysis, an …

internationalization process. We contribute to this research stream by establishing theoretical links with the emerging open innovation … with regard to the effect of open innovation strategies on internationalization performance. Our results show that both the …

leadership. Apart from this strategic advantage we observe that foreign external sources of innovation are generally not superior …

Competitors can be valuable sources and partners for innovation activities. Against the background of international …