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The impact of public basic research on industrial innovation : evidence from the pharmaceutical industry

Toole, Andrew A. - 2011 - This version: March 2011

While most economists believe that public scientific research fuels industry innovation and economic growth, systematic … size as a significant driver of drug innovation in the pharmaceutical industry, but they did not find any evidence … supporting science-driven innovation from publicly funded research. This paper uses new data on biomedical research investments …

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10009374417

Life scientist mobility from academe to industry : does academic entrepreneurship induce a costly "brain drain" on the not-for-profit research sector?

Toole, Andrew A. (contributor); Czarnitzki, Dirk (contributor) - 2007

who start or join for-profit firms using information from the Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) program and …

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10003607671

Does public scientific research complement industry R & D investment? : The case of NIH supported basic and clinical research and pharmaceutical industry R & D

Toole, Andrew A. (contributor) - 2005

This research investigates the hypothesis that publicly funded scientific research complements private R&D investment in the pharmaceutical industry. New microlevel data on public research investment by the U.S. National Institutes of Health allow measures of basic and clinical research in seven...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10003224327

Business R&D and the interplay of R&D subsidies and market uncertainty

Czarnitzki, Dirk (contributor); Toole, Andrew A. (contributor) - 2006

The literature suggests that public research and development (R&D) subsidies may reduce market failures affecting private R&D investment caused by incomplete appropriability of knowledge and financial constraints due capital market imperfections. Drawing on the theory of investment under...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10003359654

Patent protection, market uncertainty, and R&D investment

Czarnitzki, Dirk (contributor); Toole, Andrew A. (contributor) - 2006

The real options investment theory shows that greater uncertainty about market revenues reduces current R&D investment by increasing the value of waiting. This paper presents empirical evidence that patent protection mitigates the effect market uncertainty on R&D investment.

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10003359656

Knowledge creates markets : the influence of entrepreneurial support and patent rights on academic entrepreneurship

Czarnitzki, Dirk; Doherr, Thorsten; Hussinger, Katrin; … - 2016 - This version: April 2016

We use an exogenous change in German Federal law to examine how entrepreneurial support and the ownership of patent rights influence academic entrepreneurship. In 2002, the German Federal Government enacted a major reform called Knowledge Creates Markets that set up new infrastructure to...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10011456680

Industry-science connections in agriculture : do public science collaborations and knowledge flows contribute to firm-level agricultural research productivity?

Toole, Andrew A.; King, John L. - 2011

Prior research shows long-run productivity growth in agriculture is associated with increases in the stock of public scientific knowledge and private patented inventions. However, private inventions may be a function of the stock of public knowledge. In this paper, we examine the possibility...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10009374412

Individual versus institutional ownership of university-discovered inventions

Czarnitzki, Dirk; Doherr, Thorsten; Hussinger, Katrin; … - 2015

We examine how the ownership of intellectual property rights influences patenting of university-discovered inventions. In 2002, Germany transferred patent rights from faculty members to their universities. To identify the effect on the volume of patenting, we exploit the researcher-level...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010472585

Biomedical academic entrepreneurship through the SBIR program

Toole, Andrew A. (contributor); Czarnitzki, Dirk (contributor) - 2005

This paper considers the U.S. Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) program as a policy fostering academic …

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10003025585

Delay and secrecy : does industry sponsorship jeopardize disclosure of academic research?

Czarnitzki, Dirk; Grimpe, Christoph; Toole, Andrew A. - 2011

The viability of modern open science norms and practices depend on public disclosure of new knowledge, methods, and materials. Aggregate data from the OECD show a broad shift in the institutional financing structure that supports academic research from public to private sponsorship. This paper...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10008901869