The development of formal ICT standards is a challenging form of collaborative innovation, combining consensus decision making and R&D rivalry. To supplement this formal standard setting process, it has thus become frequent that part of the involved firms creates ad hoc consortia to better align...

This article investigates the role of industry driven coordination mechanisms such as consortia and patent pools in the interplay between formal technological standards and patents. Building upon 64.619 declarations of essential patents to major international Standard Development Organizations...

This paper has attempted a comprehensive investigation of the economic impact of patent holdout by (1) providing a theoretical foundation of patent holdout and its economic implications, (2) operationalizing this theory into several testable economic models, and (3) testing the models with...

This paper describes a new database of declared Standard-Essential Patents (SEPs), discusses methods for matching declared SEPs to specific standard documents, and presents empirical evidence on technology standards subject to declared SEPs. While there is a growing body of empirical research...

Measuring the value of portfolios of Standard-Essential Patents (SEP) is a difficult and controversial exercise. It has recently been suggested to use counts of technical contributions to Standard Development Organizations (SDO) as an indicator of the share of the value of a standard created by...