Gold is a globally traded asset and held in large quantities by investors and central banks. Since there is no established model to assess if the price of gold is overvalued or undervalued, we propose a relative valuation framework based on gold price ratios. We analyze gold prices relative to...

Gold is a globally traded asset and held in large quantities by investors and central banks. Since there is no established model to assess if the price of gold is overvalued or undervalued, we propose a relative valuation framework based on gold price ratios and focus on potential drivers of...

There is a growing empirical literature on gold's safe haven status with respect to financial risks but no study with respect to global geopolitical risks. This paper extends the common focus on extreme stock market movements and financial turmoil with an analysis of geopolitical risk. We find...

It is well known that US dollar gold prices are negatively related to the value of the US dollar and that gold prices denominated in other currencies are negatively related to these currencies. But how strong is this relationship for each currency and what is its cause? This paper provides new...

The volatility of equity returns generally exhibits an asymmetric reaction to positive and negative shocks. Economic explanations for this phenomenon are leverage and a volatility feedback effect. This paper studies the volatility of gold and demonstrates that there is an inverted asymmetric...

This paper studies recurring annual events potentially introducing seasonality into gold prices. We analyze gold returns for each month from 1980 to 2010 and find that September and November are the only months with positive and statistically significant gold price changes. This “autumn...

The aim of this paper is to examine the role of gold in the global financial system. We test the hypothesis that gold represents a safe haven against stocks of major emerging and developing countries. A descriptive and econometric analysis for a sample spanning a 30 year period from 1979-2009...

Safe haven assets play a crucial role in safeguarding portfolios during times of turmoil or crises. Gold is widely acknowledged to act as a safe haven asset for stock market portfolios. However, it remains unclear whether it should be held continuously as a strategic (passive) investment or...

This paper analyses the impact of the coronavirus pandemic on the share prices of gold firms, whose activities are spread across gold exploration, project development and gold mining with markedly different risk characteristics. We find evidence for COVID-induced stock market contagion leading...

Bitcoin is regularly referred to as new gold, digital gold or gold 2.0. If Bitcoin is indeed gold-like the correlation of Bitcoin and gold returns should be positive. We estimate the correlation of the two assets across time, across different return frequencies and across quantiles and find a...