Full information maximum likelihood estimation of econometric models, linear and nonlinear in variables, is performed by means of two gradient algorithms, using either the Hessian matrix or a computationally simpler approximation. In the first part of the paper, the behavior of the two methods...

FIML estimates of a simultaneous equation econometric model can be obtained by iterating to convergence an instrumental variables formula that is perfectly consistent with the intuitive textbook-type interpretation of efficient instruments: instruments for an equation must be uncorrelated with...