Most of the methods proposed in the literature for evaluating forecast uncertainty in econometric models need an estimate of the structural coefficiencs covariance matrix among input data. When estimation is performed with full information maximum likelihood, alternative estimators of such a...

Lecture notes for a course of Introductory Econometrics (linear regression model and ordinary least squares, including concepts of Linear Algebra and Inferential Statistics), and for a second course of Econometrics (simultaneous equations, instrumental variables, limited and full information...

In econometric models, estimates of the asymptotic covariance matrix of FIML coefficients are traditionally computed in several different ways: with a generalized least squares type matrix; using the Hessian of the concentrated log-likelihood; using the outer product of the first derivatives of...

Through Monte Carlo experiments, this paper compares the performances of different gradient optimization algorithms, when performing full information maximum likelihood (FIML) estimation of econometric models. Different matrices are used (Hessian, outer products matrix, GLS-type matrix, as well...

With most of the available software packages, estimates of the parameter covariance matrix in a GARCH model are usually obtained from the outer products of the first derivatives of the log-likelihoods (BHHH estimator). However, other estimators could be defined and used, analogous to the...

Starting from a consistent and asymptotically normally distributed structural estimate of a dynamic econometric model, this paper provides an analytical derivation of the asymptotic distribution of spectra and cross spectra of the jointly dependent variables. A numerical example is provided on...

When the coefficients of a Tobit model are estimated by maximum likelihood their covariance matrix is typically, even if not necessarily, associated with the algorithm employed to maximize the likelihood. Covariance estimators used in practice are derived by: (1) the Hessian (observed...