We analyze the non-market advantages of developing-country multinational companies (DMNCs) over advanced-economy multinational companies (AMNCs) when both compete in the same host country. Non-market advantages are advantages based on resources developed by the firm to operate in a country's...

This chapter explains how the lessons derived from the analysis of Mexican multinationals, MultiMexicans, in a variety of industries contribute to a better understanding of the strategies used by emerging market firms to upgrade capabilities and internationalize. The chapter explains two main...

This paper studies the sequence of value-added activities in the multinationalization of firms from developing countries. Analysis of twenty Latin American multinational firms, or Multilatinas, reveals three alternative sequences: start multinationalizing with marketing subsidiaries in all...

I study the multinationalization - the decision to establish foreign direct investment (FDI) - of developing country firms, in particular Latin American ones or Multilatinas. Despite a long exporting tradition, many firms in Latin American have only recently become multinational enterprises...

We analyze the advantages and disadvantages of developing-country multinational enterprises (MNEs) in comparison to developed-country MNEs. Developing-country MNEs tend to be less competitive than developed country counterparts, partly because they suffer the disadvantage of operating in home...

We use the rise of emerging-market multinationals as a vehicle to explore how a firm’s country of origin influences its internationalization. We argue that the home-country’s institutional and economic underdevelopment can influence the internationalization of firms in two ways. First,...

We analyze learning-by-doing and how emerging market multinationals use it to upgrade their capabilities. Building on an in-depth case study, we present two novel arguments. First, we clarify the concept of learning-by-doing by identifying four distinct processes in which learning-by-doing...

Despite the growing involvement of multinational enterprises (MNEs) in foreign-based research and development (R&D), there has been little research comparing subsidiaries of foreign MNEs to domestic firms. Subsidiaries of foreign MNEs enjoy advantages that help them compete against domestic...