We review the relationships between institutions and global strategy and explain several clarifications for future research. First, studies need to clarify the standard used to assess quality in institutional dimensions they research rather than let readers assess them from the measures. Second,...

We analyze the advantages and disadvantages of developing-country multinational enterprises (MNEs) in comparison to developed-country MNEs. Developing-country MNEs tend to be less competitive than developed country counterparts, partly because they suffer the disadvantage of operating in home...

We study how the country of origin of a firm influences its internationalization, analyzing emerging economy multinational companies (EMNCs) as a laboratory for extending theory. EMNCs have been observed to vary from advanced economy MNCs (AMNCs), suggesting that the home context is the critical...

We explain how the analysis of state-owned multinational companies (SOMNCs) can help extend the literature in two ways. First, we cross-fertilize the international business (IB) and state-owned enterprise (SOE) literatures in their analysis of foreign investment behavior and introduce two...

We analyze learning-by-doing and how emerging market multinationals use it to upgrade their capabilities. Building on an in-depth case study, we present two novel arguments. First, we clarify the concept of learning-by-doing by identifying four distinct processes in which learning-by-doing...

Despite the growing involvement of multinational enterprises (MNEs) in foreign-based research and development (R&D), there has been little research comparing subsidiaries of foreign MNEs to domestic firms. Subsidiaries of foreign MNEs enjoy advantages that help them compete against domestic...