Knowledge and innovations are considered to be among the most important factors that determine the pace and quality of economic growth. Therefore, Poland is facing a serious challenge to effectively transform its economy into an innovative economy capable of competing with the most developed...

The main aim of the paper is to assess the innovation gap between the national innovation systems (NIS) of the European Union (EU) and the average level of innovation of EU economies. The study takes into account NIS identified in the literature, i.e., (a) developed systems and (b) developing...

The growing importance of innovation in the modern economy has revived the interest of economic sciences in studies on the mechanisms that govern innovation and its impact on economic development. This growth of interest induced the concept of the national system of innovation (NSI), which...

This paper attempts to assess the level of innovativeness of the economies of the "new" EU member states in the years 2008-2015, with particular attention paid to the position of the Polish economy. This assessment was carried out on the basis of a summary index constructed with the use of...