En este documento se valoran varias emisiones de bonos bolsa (un tipo de bonos estructurados) emitidos en Espantilde;a. Estis instrumentos financieros son la combinacioacute;n de un bono y una o maacute;s opciones.I value several issues of 'bonos bolsa' issued in Spain. These instruments are the...

En este documento se muestra coacute;mo utilizar la simulacioacute;n para valorar opciones y otros instrumentos financieros. Tambieacute;n se muestra coacute;mo se ha de realizar la simulacioacute;n para, al valorar opciones, obtener el mismo resultado que con la foacute;rmula de Black y Scholes.MBA...

We show that the three valuation methods (if used correctly) always yield the same result. The most striking result of this paper is that for a firm growing at a rate g, the Net Present Value of the tax shield due to interest payments (in the APV approach) must be calculated as follows: NPV OF...

Spanish convertible bonds are different from the American convertible bonds. First, the conversion price is not fixed in pesetas, but is defined as a percentage discount off the average share price over a number of days before conversion. Second, the conversion option can be exercised only at a...

Spanish Abstract: Este documento contiene 210 errores cometidos en distintas valoraciones de empresas.La mayor parte de las valoraciones proceden de arbitrajes, procesos judiciales, compras y ventas de empresas a los que el autor ha tenido acceso. Casi todos los nombres de personas, empresas y...

Spanish Abstract: En el primer trimestre de 2009, la rentabilidad de la bolsa española fue -16% y hubo 31 empresas (entre 136) con rentabilidad positiva. En 2008, la rentabilidad de la bolsa española fue -40% y sólo hubo 3 empresas con rentabilidad positiva. Las 136 empresas destruyeron valor...

As interest rates on Government Bonds have decreased, some analysts and consultants in Europe and in the US are using what they call “Normalized Risk-Free rate”.We show several inconsistencies and errors in the use of “Normalized Risk-Free rate”. Section 5 is a short case that may be...

This paper contains the statistics of a survey about the Risk-Free Rate (RF) and the Market Risk Premium (MRP) used in 2023 for 80 countries. We got answers for 102 countries, but we only report the results for 80 countries with more than 6 answers.The paper also contains the links to previous...

We compute the Shareholder Value Creation of BBVA. The market cap of BBVA increased between December 1991 and December 2005 in 47,386 million euros. The shareholder value creation during this period was 15,617 million euros. The average shareholder return of BBVA in this 14 years was 19.8%,...

This paper contains a collection and classification of 96 errors seen in company valuations performed by financial analysts, investment banks and financial consultants. The author had access to most of the valuations referred to in this paper in his capacity as a consultant in company...