remaining collaborators not only by reducing their team-specific capital (as argued in the prior literature) but also by … resources or more attractive working conditions. These benefits can partially compensate for the negative effect of reduced team …

remaining collaborators not only by reducing their team-specific capital (as argued in the prior literature) but also by … resources or more attractive working conditions. These benefits can partially compensate for the negative effect of reduced team …

We investigate the causal effect of patent rights on cumulative innovation, using large-scale data that approximate the …

We investigate the causal effect of patent rights on cumulative innovation, using large-scale data that approximate the …

We study the blocking effect of patents on follow-on innovation by others. We posit that follow-on innovation requires … freedom to operate (FTO), which firms typically obtain through a license from the patentee holding the original innovation …. Where licensing fails, follow-on innovation is blocked unless firms gain FTO through patent invalidation. Using large …