We empirically investigate a type of technological boundary spanning-oriented search in which firms apply knowledge from one technical domain to innovate in another, a phenomenon we term knowledge bridging. In an analysis of a novel dataset of all the biotechnology firms founded to commercialize...

When startup innovation involves a potentially disruptive technology – initially lagging in the predominant performance metric, but with a potentially favorable trajectory of improvement – incumbents may be wary of engaging in cooperative commercialization with the startup. While the...

This paper empirically examines the determinants of heterogeneous cooperative R&D commercialization strategies of innovating biotechnology start-ups. While the volume of inter-firm collaboration, spanning modes such as strategic alliances and technology licensing, has increased dramatically in...