This teaching note shows the relationship between levered and unlevered betas and the general formulation for the cost of equity. It also shows, step by step, the procedure to estimate betas from data found in the stock market.It shows well known procedures for estimating betas: correlation...

In this paper, we analyse the herding behaviour of two types of cryptocurrencies, referred to as "black/dirty" and "green/clean" based on their energy usage levels. Empirical results reveal that herding generally exists only in the dirty crypto markets, and is more significant in down markets....

This paper aims to serve as an exploratory agenda for future research on the financial economics of non-fungible token (NFT) from a scholarly perspective. By considering the current state of research on the financial characteristics of NFTs and drawing on pioneering research in the field of...

Este trabajo muestra la relación entre las betas apalancadas y sin deuda y la formulación general para el costo del capital. También muestra, paso a paso, el procedimiento para calcular las betas a partir de los datos que se encuentran en el mercado de valores. Se muestran procedimientos...

This article explores the behavior of the stock market in Colombia with the information given by the Bolsa de Bogotá Index (Indice de la Bolsa de Bogotá, IBB). The index is analyzed from January, 1930 to December, 1998. The inflation rate covers the same period; the inflation rate as measured...

This paper examines the relationships between the Russian and other Central European (CE) and developed countries' equity markets over the 1995-2004 period.Along with the traditional Johansen and Juselius (1990) multivariate cointegration tests, we apply novel cointegration approaches, including...

This article explores the behavior of the stock market in Colombia with the information given by the Bolsa de Bogotaacute; Index (Indice de la Bolsa de Bogotaacute;, IBB). The index is analyzed from January, 1930 to December, 1998. The inflation rate covers the same period; the inflation rate as...

We investigate key macroeconomic factors that impact the price returns of precious metals markets over a 20 year period. The markets investigated are gold, silver, platinum and palladium; whereas the macroeconomic factors accommodated business cycle, monetary environment and financial market...

In addition to a myriad of industrial uses, precious metals continue to play an important role in the global financial system; they are increasingly popular as an investment and form part of a well-diversified portfolio in addition to acting as central bank reserves. Understanding how...

The annual electricity consumption of cryptocurrency transactions has grown substantially in recent years, partially driven by the increasing difficulty in mining, but also driven by the large number of new market participants that have been attracted by the elevated prices of this developing...