The theory of two price markets of Cherny and Madan (2010) yields closed forms for bid and ask prices. Defining profits as the difference between the mid quote and the risk neutral expectation and capital as difference between the ask and the bid price one obtains precise expressions for these...

Learning the pre limited liability value process of equity claims and its relationship to the stock price is an answer to the financial jeorpardy question when observed option prices are the answer being given by the market. Constant dollar equity holder values, prior to the imposition of...

Financial returns at unit time are modeled as non-Gaussian limit laws. They may reflect random walks or additive processes reflecting some predictability. Mixtures of these two constructions are formulated and estimated on one minute data. It is observed that the random walk fraction is...