This research seeks to detect the institutional and regulatory constraints that limit the development of informal units in Djibouti by both the macroeconomic and microeconomic analysis. The review shows that institutional habits (corruption, going right) in regulation created transaction costs...

The informal systems of transfer of funds (hawalas) arouse an increased interest on behalf of the authorities concerned to regulate them but also among the researchers who try to analyze how they operate for better appreciating of their macroeconomic impact. These institutions are primarily used...