Caribbean (LAC), but its size estimation has been mainly limited to worldwide models applied to the region. This paper proposes … a MIMIC Base Model using a data set composed by 41 countries in LAC, in which both inequality and total factor … with the literature. When compared with a model using data from 188 countries, inequality has an impact ten-fold higher in …

. Using a large annual panel of African countries with a time series of 25 years, ours results show that when the corruption … rate is above (below) a threshold of 1.3577, economic growth reduces (increases) informal economic sector. The corruption … proxy is measured as a decreasing function of corruption such that higher levels of the corruption proxy translate lower …

findings, a growing shadow economy has a negative effect on official GDP growth, and a positive impact of corruption on the …

economy reduces corruption in high-income countries, but increases corruption in low income countries. Finally, the various … estimation methods are discussed and critically evaluated. …

are derived by combining figures from different estimation methods. We describe and discuss the strengths and weaknesses … of the different estimation methods. We find that the growth of the shadow economy—which is now remarkably large in the … extent of state regulatory activities. Rising corruption also has a clearly positive impact on the growth of the shadow …