Before the invention of money (coin, paper, or digital) there was barter trading, a form of exchange without the use of a monetary medium. The evolution of money has kept pace with the evolution of humans. Money was not invented solely for transaction purposes; it was created to quantify wealth...

Since ancient times, various psychological techniques such as fear and terror have been deliberately used by entities as non-combat weapons to bring about the enemy’s defeat. An effective use of fear as a weapon can sometimes achieve more than an arsenal of weapons of mass destruction. The...

The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in two important outcomes; first, centuries of developments and progress in technology, medicine, and science failed to combat the virus which has so far killed over 1.6 million people worldwide; second, and most importantly, the new vital...

Over three decades, contemporaneous crises have collectively cost the world’s economies $30 trillion. The advent of Internet has transfigured commerce that resulted in exponential surges in online sales, this fostered money’s evolution into cryptocurrency. The mysterious Satoshi Nakamoto...

Global warming is likely to have unimaginable disruptions in every aspect of human life by 2050 if some actions are not taken immediately to reduce its fast acceleration. Since the Industrial Revolution (1900s), the global mean surface temperature has warmed up approximately +0.8 °C (1.4 °F)...

The propagation of high-magnitude crises since the late 1990s have cost over $30 trillion and pushed about one percent of the world population into poverty. In the aftermath of the 2008 global financial crisis, the worst financial catastrophe of the 21st century, accelerated the speed of money's...

Innumerable factors contributing to global warming is nothing of new, but increased human-induced greenhouse gas emissions resulting from the burning of vast amounts of fossil fuels have pushed the Earth's natural systems (balanced carbon cycle) out of balance causing extreme climate changes in...

Bitcoin blockchain possesses immense potential for future opportunities, well beyond its current use in financial services underpinning cryptocurrencies, i.e. replacing traditional trusted third parties with trusted machines. Despite over a decade has passed since Nakamoto Satoshi launched...

One microscopic coronavirus has done what US sanctions, tariffs, embargoes, trade war, and the use of dollar as a weapon of economic destruction have failed to accomplish. The COVID-19 pandemic shock has caused unconceivable damage; 200,000 stolen lives in the U.S. (and close to 1 million in the...

When the global economy hit the wall in 2007-08 (i.e. sub-prime mortgage debacle in 2006 followed by the 2008 global credit mayhem, originated in the U.S. before spreading to Europe as sovereign debt crisis), an extensive research by economists, scholars and academia compared and contrasted the...