empirical strategy to estimate the intention-to-treat effect of this paid exemption on the education and labor market outcomes … reduction in education when we implement the same exercises with (i) data on females and (ii) placebo reform dates. The … interpretation is that the reform has reduced the incentives to continue education for the purpose of deferring military service. We …

empirical strategy to estimate the intention-to-treat effect of this paid exemption on education and labor market outcomes of … reduction in education when we implement the same exercises with (i) data on females and (ii) placebo reform dates. The … interpretation is that the reform has reduced the incentives to continue education for the purpose of deferring military service. We …

education on both the incidence and timing of internal migration. In addition, for the first time in literature, we provide … causal effects of education on migration by reason for migration. We find that while education substantially increases the … at earlier ages and their migration reasons change. Revealing the empowering role of education, women become more likely …