Zentrale Abschlussprüfungen lassen sich im Rahmen von Prinzipal-Agenten-Modellen als \"Accountability\"-Maßnahme verstehen, die Schüler und Schulen für ihre erbrachten Bildungsleistungen verantwortlich macht. Umfassende Regressionsanalysen anhand der Schülerindividualdaten von vier...

This article reviews evidence from four international student achievement tests on the effects on student performance of competition from privately managed schools, schools’ freedom to make autonomous decisions, and accountability introduced by external exit exams. The multivariate...

Do Empires affect human values and behavior long after their demise? In several Eastern European countries, communities on both sides of the long-gone border of the Habsburg Empire have been sharing common formal institutions for 90 years now. We exploit this geographic discontinuity in a...

We estimate changes in the productivity of schooling for six East Asian countries. Our productivity measure is based on changes in the relative price of schooling. A rising price of schooling relative to other labor-intensive service sectors should indicate declining relative schooling...

A review of the measures of the stock of human capital used in empiricalgrowth research - including adult literacy rates, school enrollmentratios, and average years of schooling of the working-age population -reveals that human capital is mostly poorly proxied. The simple use ofthe most common...